Lesson 4: Family & Possession
Generations, Relationships, Jobs & Grammar ('s vs Of)
The Family Tree (Семейно Дърво)
Generation 4: Ancestors
👴 Great-Grandfather
👵 Great-Grandmother
|
Generation 3: Grandparents
👴 Grandfather
👵 Grandmother
|
Generation 2: Parents & Relatives
👨 Father
👩 Mother
👨 Uncle
👩 Aunt
|
Generation 1: Me & Siblings
👦 Brother
👤 ME
👧 Sister
🧑 Cousin
|
Generation 0: Children
👦 Son
👧 Daughter
👶 Nephew/Niece
⚠️ Cultural Note:
👩 Aunt: Covers леля, стринка, вуйна.
👨 Uncle: Covers чичо, вуйчо, свако.
👥 Siblings: Means brothers and sisters together (Братя и сестри).
👩 Aunt: Covers леля, стринка, вуйна.
👨 Uncle: Covers чичо, вуйчо, свако.
👥 Siblings: Means brothers and sisters together (Братя и сестри).
1. Family Vocabulary
| Group | English | IPA | Bulgarian | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ancestors | Great-grandfather | /ˌɡreɪtˈɡræn.fɑː.ðər/ | Прадядо | |
| Great-grandmother | /ˌɡreɪtˈɡræn.mʌð.ər/ | Прабаба | ||
| Grand | Grandfather | /ˈɡræn.fɑː.ðər/ | Дядо | |
| Grandmother | /ˈɡræn.mʌð.ər/ | Баба | ||
| Parents & Relatives | Father / Dad | /ˈfɑː.ðər/ | Баща | |
| Mother / Mom | /ˈmʌð.ər/ | Майка | ||
| Uncle | /ˈʌŋ.kl/ | Чичо/Вуйчо/Свако | ||
| Aunt | /ɑːnt/ | Леля/Вуйна/Стринка | ||
| Children & Siblings | Brother | /ˈbrʌð.ər/ | Брат | |
| Sister | /ˈsɪs.tər/ | Сестра | ||
| Siblings | /ˈsɪb.lɪŋz/ | Братя и сестри | ||
| Son | /sʌn/ | Син | ||
| Daughter | /ˈdɔː.tər/ | Дъщеря | ||
| Nephew | /ˈnef.juː/ | Племенник | ||
| Niece | /niːs/ | Племенница | ||
| Grand Children | Grandson | /ˈɡræn.sʌn/ | Внук | |
| Granddaughter | /ˈɡræn.dɔː.tər/ | Внучка |
2. Marital Status & Relationships
| English | IPA | Bulgarian | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Husband | /ˈhʌz.bənd/ | Съпруг | |
| Wife | /waɪf/ | Съпруга | |
| Single | /ˈsɪŋ.ɡəl/ | Необвързан | |
| Married | /ˈmær.id/ | Женен/Омъжена | |
| Divorced | /dɪˈvɔːst/ | Разведен |
Grammar: Expressing Possession (Притежание)
There are two ways to say "на" (possession) in English.
We must choose based on: Is it a PERSON or a THING?
We must choose based on: Is it a PERSON or a THING?
THE GOLDEN RULE
| People & Animals (Живи) | Things (Предмети) |
|---|---|
|
Use: 's (Apostrophe S) ✅ Tom's car (Колата на Том) ✅ The dog's nose (Носът на кучето) ✅ My dad's house (Къщата на баща ми) ❌ The car of Tom |
Use: Of the (Of + Object) ✅ The roof of the house (Покривът на къщата) ✅ The end of the film (Краят на филма) ✅ The leg of the table (Кракът на масата) ❌ The house's roof |
Part 2: Spelling Rules for 's
1. Singular (One person) -> Add 's
The boy -> The boy's ball. (Топката на момчето)
Maria -> Maria's book. (Книгата на Мария)
The boy -> The boy's ball. (Топката на момчето)
Maria -> Maria's book. (Книгата на Мария)
2. Plural ending in S (Many people) -> Add only '
The boys -> The boys' ball. (Топката на момчетата)
My parents -> My parents' house. (Къщата на нашите)
The boys -> The boys' ball. (Топката на момчетата)
My parents -> My parents' house. (Къщата на нашите)
3. Irregular Plural (No S) -> Add 's
The children -> The children's room. (Стаята на децата)
The men -> The men's car. (Колата на мъжете)
The children -> The children's room. (Стаята на децата)
The men -> The men's car. (Колата на мъжете)
Jobs & Workplaces
1. Workplaces (Места за работа)
| Place | Who works here? |
|---|---|
| Hospital (Болница) | Doctors, Nurses |
| School (Училище) | Teachers |
| Office (Офис) | Managers, IT Specialists |
| Restaurant (Ресторант) | Waiters, Chefs |
| Shop (Магазин) | Shop Assistants |
| Police Station (Участък) | Police Officers |
| Bank (Банка) | Bankers |
2. Professions
Remember: Always use a / an before a job! (e.g. I am a doctor).
| Job | IPA | Bulgarian |
|---|---|---|
| Teacher | /ˈtiː.tʃər/ | Учител |
| Doctor | /ˈdɒk.tər/ | Лекар |
| Nurse | /nɜːs/ | Мед. сестра |
| Engineer | /ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪər/ | Инженер |
| IT Specialist | /ˌaɪˈtiː/ | ИТ Специалист |
| Driver | /ˈdraɪ.vər/ | Шофьор |
| Cook / Chef | /kʊk/ | Готвач |
| Waiter | /ˈweɪ.tər/ | Сервитьор |
| Police Officer | /pəˈliːs/ | Полицай |
Personal Information
1. The Profile Paragraph
"Hello! My name is Alex. I am twenty-five years old. I am from Bulgaria, and I live in Plovdiv. I am an IT Specialist and I work in an office. I am single. I have a dog named Max."
2. Important Rules
📞 Phone Numbers:
We say digits one by one.
08832 -> zero, eight, eight, three, two.
(For 0, we can say "zero" or "oh").
We say digits one by one.
08832 -> zero, eight, eight, three, two.
(For 0, we can say "zero" or "oh").
🎂 Age:
We use the verb TO BE, not "Have".
✅ I am 20.
❌ I have 20.
We use the verb TO BE, not "Have".
✅ I am 20.
❌ I have 20.
3. Writing Task
Fill in the gaps to create your own introduction:
Hello! My name is _______.
I am _______ years old.
I live in _______.
I am a _______ (job) and I work in a _______.
I am _______ (single/married).
My phone number is _______ (write as words: zero, eight...).
I am _______ years old.
I live in _______.
I am a _______ (job) and I work in a _______.
I am _______ (single/married).
My phone number is _______ (write as words: zero, eight...).
Exercises (15 Sets)
Focus: Family Vocab & The Possessive Rules ('s vs Of the).
Light Novel: The Interview
Jake introduces the new colleague.
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Mini Games
Solve the riddle! Who is it?
My father's brother is my...