A2 — Lesson 21

Travel, Places & Languages

It Takes · Timetables · So / Such · Phrasal Verbs · Fixed Phrases · Travel / Trip / Journey
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Vocabulary: City, Countryside & Travel

Context: This lesson focuses on words you need to talk about life in the city and the countryside — what makes each place different, how to travel between them, and how to describe what you see.

1. Travel & Transport

Luggage / Baggage/ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ/Багаж
Flight/flaɪt/Полет
Journey/ˈdʒɜː.ni/Пътуване (от А до Б)
Passenger/ˈpæs.ən.dʒər/Пътник
To book/tʊ bʊk/Резервирам
Accommodation/əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/Настаняване / Квартира
To miss (a train)/tʊ mɪs/Изпускам (влак / полет)
To catch (a bus)/tʊ kætʃ/Хващам (автобус)

2. In the City

Crowded/ˈkraʊ.dɪd/Претъпкан / Оживен
Noisy/ˈnɔɪ.zi/Шумен
Polluted/pəˈluː.tɪd/Замърсен
Traffic jam/ˈtræf.ɪk dʒæm/Задръстване
Rush hour/ˈrʌʃ aʊər/Пикови часове
Underground / Tube/ˈʌn.də.ɡraʊnd/Метро
Pavement/ˈpeɪv.mənt/Тротоар
Block of flats/blɒk əv flæts/Блок / Жилищен комплекс
Suburb/ˈsʌb.ɜːb/Предградие

3. In the Countryside

Village/ˈvɪl.ɪdʒ/Село
Peaceful/ˈpiːs.fəl/Спокоен / Тих
Field/fiːld/Поле / Нива
Meadow/ˈmed.əʊ/Ливада
Cottage/ˈkɒt.ɪdʒ/Вила / Малка селска къща
Farmhouse/ˈfɑːm.haʊs/Ферма / Селска къща
Stream/striːm/Поток / Ручей
Footpath/ˈfʊt.pɑːθ/Пешеходна пътека
Wildlife/ˈwaɪld.laɪf/Дива природа

4. People & Languages

Foreigner/ˈfɒr.ə.nər/Чужденец
Abroad/əˈbrɔːd/В чужбина
Germany / German/ˈdʒɜː.mə.ni/Германия / Немски
Spain / Spanish/speɪn/Испания / Испански
France / French/frɑːns/Франция / Френски
Turkey / Turkish/ˈtɜː.ki/Турция / Турски
📝 Exercise A — Match the word: Choose the correct word for each definition.
1. The time of day when roads are most congested.
2. A small house in the countryside, often old and pretty.
3. The path on the side of the road for people to walk on.
4. Someone who comes from another country.
5. A place to stay while travelling — hotel, hostel, rented room, etc.
🎯 Exercise B — In context: Write the correct word.
1. I always ___ my train tickets online a week in advance.
2. The air in the city centre is very ___ because of all the cars and buses.
3. She ___ the last bus and had to walk home in the rain.
4. We walked along the ___ by the stream for about an hour.
5. The market square was so ___ on Saturday — there were thousands of people.

Grammar Lab

Six grammar points for this lesson. Each section has a clear explanation, then two exercises — one easier, one harder.
1

The "How Long" Structure — IT TAKES

In Bulgarian: "Отнема ми..." → In English: "It takes me..."

English uses a fixed impersonal structure with IT as the subject — the subject never changes. This is the most natural way a native speaker describes travel time. Never say "How long takes the flight?"

The Pattern

  • It takes + time + to + verb
  • It takes + person + time + to + verb
  • Past: It took + ...
  • Question: How long does it take + to + verb?

Examples

  • "It takes two hours to fly to Germany."
  • "It takes me 40 minutes to drive to work."
  • "It took three hours to get to the village."

The Question

  • "How long does it take to fly to Spain?"
  • "How long did it take to get there?"
  • ❌ "How long takes the flight?" — never
📝 Exercise A — Easy: Choose the correct option.
1. ___ one hour to drive from Plovdiv to Sofia.
2. How long ___ to fly to France?
3. It takes me 20 minutes ___ to the train station.
4. The journey was terrible. It ___ five hours to arrive.
5. How long did it take ___ to the airport?
🎯 Exercise B — Harder: Use the words in brackets to write a full sentence with "It takes / It took". Example: (her / 3 hours / fly / Germany) → It takes her three hours to fly to Germany.
1. (20 minutes / walk / the village) →
2. (me / 1 hour / drive / the city centre) →
3. (past — him / 4 hours / get / the farmhouse) →
4. Write the question: (how long / fly / Spain?) →
2

Present Simple for Timetables

The transport uses Present Simple — even for the future

For your own personal plans, you use the Present Continuous ("I am flying tomorrow"). But for public transport schedules — trains, flights, buses — we always use the Present Simple, even when talking about the future.

🚌 The Transport (Present Simple)

"The flight to Spain leaves at 8:00 AM tomorrow."

"What time does the train arrive in Paris?"

"The bus doesn't wait for late passengers."

"The next train departs at 14:30."

VS
🙋 The Person (Present Continuous)

"I am catching the 8:00 AM flight."

"When are you arriving?"

"We are taking the bus at midday."

"She is travelling to Paris this weekend."

📝 Exercise A — Easy: Is this about the timetable (T) or the person (P)?
"The train to Paris departs at 09:15."
"I am catching the 09:15 train to Paris."
"The flight from London doesn't land until midnight."
"She is flying to Germany tomorrow morning."
"What time does the bus leave for the village?"
🎯 Exercise B — Harder: Write the verb in the correct form — Present Simple (timetable) or Present Continuous (personal plan).
1. The last bus to the village ___ at 22:00. (leave)
2. We ___ on the 07:30 flight to Madrid. (travel)
3. What time ___ the train arrive in Edinburgh? (does)
4. Tom ___ the 14:15 train home today. (catch)
5. The ferry ___ passengers for late arrivals. (not wait)
3

SO and SUCH — Emphasising Descriptions

Quick test: Is there a noun? YES → SUCH. NO → SO.

Both SO and SUCH express strong feelings about a place or thing. The rule for choosing between them depends entirely on what comes after.

StructureWhat followsExample
SO + adjectiveAdjective only — no noun."The village is so peaceful."
SUCH A/AN + adj + singular nounArticle + adjective + one noun."It was such a long journey."
SUCH + adj + plural nounNo article + adjective + plural noun."They were such friendly passengers."
📝 Exercise A — Easy: Choose SO, SUCH A, or SUCH.
1. The countryside is ___ peaceful.
2. It was ___ long journey.
3. The traffic jams were ___ stressful.
4. They are ___ friendly people.
5. Munich is ___ crowded city.
6. The meadows were ___ beautiful.
🎯 Exercise B — Harder: Rewrite the sentence using SO or SUCH (A). Type the full rewritten sentence.
1. "The village was very peaceful." → Use SO:
2. "It was a very noisy city." → Use SUCH:
3. "The passengers were very friendly." → Use SUCH:
4. "The journey was very long." → Use SUCH:
5. "The accommodation was very expensive." → Use SO:
4

Travel Phrasal Verbs

set off · check in · get on/off · drop off · pick up · stop over · head for · take off · touch down · turn back

Phrasal verbs are two- or three-word verbs where the particle (off, in, on…) changes the meaning. These ten are the most common in everyday travel English — you will hear all of them at airports, stations, and on the road.

Phrasal verbMeaningExample
set offStart a journey"We set off at six in the morning to avoid traffic."
check inRegister at an airport desk or hotel reception"You need to check in at least 90 minutes before departure."
get on / get offBoard or leave a bus, train, plane"Get off at King's Cross." / "When do we get on the plane?"
drop offTake someone to a place and leave them there"He dropped us off at the terminal."
pick upCollect someone in a vehicle"Can you pick me up from the station at nine?"
stop overBreak a long journey with a stay somewhere"We stopped over in Dubai for one night on the way to Sydney."
head forStart moving towards a place"We headed for the coast after the conference."
take offWhen a plane leaves the ground"The flight took off two hours late."
touch downWhen a plane lands"We touched down in Edinburgh at 11:30."
turn backReturn the way you came; abandon the journey"The weather was terrible, so we turned back."
📝 Exercise A — Easy: Choose the correct phrasal verb.
1. We ___ early to avoid the rush-hour traffic.
2. She ___ at the hotel and was given a room on the third floor.
3. The plane ___ forty minutes late due to a technical problem.
4. My dad ___ me ___ at the airport and then drove home. me
5. ___ at the next stop — that's where the castle is.
6. We ___ in Amsterdam for one night on our way to New York.
🎯 Exercise B — Harder: Fill in the correct phrasal verb. Use the right tense.
1. The road was completely blocked, so we had to ___ and find another route.
2. Can you ___ from the station? My train gets in at half past eight. (pick up — where does "me" go?)
3. We ___ for the coast as soon as the meeting finished.
4. The plane ___ smoothly at Heathrow despite the bad weather.
5. We ___ at 5 a.m. to make sure we arrived before rush hour.
5

Fixed Travel Phrases

The set expressions every traveller needs to know

These are fixed phrases — chunks of language that native speakers use as single units. You do not change the words inside them. Learning them as whole phrases is much more useful than building them word by word.

PhraseWhen you use itExample
on the way (to)During the journey, at some point between A and B"We stopped for lunch on the way to Edinburgh."
ahead of scheduleEarlier than planned"The train arrived ten minutes ahead of schedule."
behind scheduleLater than planned"We were an hour behind schedule because of roadworks."
in advanceBefore the event, earlier than needed"Book your tickets in advance to get a cheaper fare."
at short noticeWith very little time to prepare"She had to fly to Berlin at short notice for a meeting."
miss a connectionFail to catch a connecting train/flight"We missed our connection in Paris and had to wait four hours."
make good timeTravel faster than expected"We made good time — the motorway was completely clear."
get stuck (in traffic)Be unable to move because of traffic"We got stuck in traffic for two hours on the M25."
go through customsPass through the customs checkpoint"It took ages to go through customs at JFK."
all-inclusiveA holiday where everything is included in the price"We booked an all-inclusive holiday so we didn't need to worry about meals."
📝 Exercise A — Easy: Choose the correct phrase.
1. The flight landed thirty minutes early — it arrived ___.
2. We ___ on the M25 for nearly two hours during rush hour.
3. Always book accommodation ___ — prices go up close to the date.
4. We ___ in Brussels and had to wait six hours for the next train to Paris.
5. The motorway was empty, so we ___ — we arrived two hours early.
🎯 Exercise B — Harder: Complete the sentence with the correct phrase. Type the missing words only.
1. She had to organise the whole trip ___ — there was no time to plan properly.
2. We stopped at a service station ___ to Birmingham for a coffee and a sandwich.
3. The train was running twenty minutes ___ because of signal failure outside Leeds.
4. It took us an hour to ___ at the airport — the queues were enormous.
5. We booked an ___ holiday so we didn't have to think about food or drinks.
6

Travel, Trip, or Journey?

In Bulgarian "пътуване" covers all three — in English each has a different use

Using the wrong word sounds unnatural to a native speaker. Each word has its own grammar and collocations.

WordGrammarCommon collocationsExample
Travel Usually a verb, or uncountable noun. ❌ Never "a good travel". travel abroad, travel by train, love travel "I travel to Spain for work." / "She loves travel."
Trip Countable noun. Going somewhere and coming back. go on a trip, a business trip, a day trip "How was your business trip?" / "We went on a trip."
Journey Countable noun. The act of travelling from A to B. a long journey, a train journey, a tiring journey "The train journey took four hours."
📝 Exercise A — Easy: Choose TRAVEL, TRIP, or JOURNEY.
1. How was your business ___ to Berlin?
2. The train ___ from London to Edinburgh took four hours.
3. I love to ___ abroad. It is so exciting.
4. We went on a day ___ to a beautiful French village.
5. It was a long and tiring ___ by car through the countryside.
6. She ___ to France every month for work.
🎯 Exercise B — Harder: Each sentence has one wrong word. Type the correct word that should replace it.
1. "I had a good travel to Germany." → Replace with:
2. "The trip from Paris to Lyon by train was three hours." → Replace with:
3. "She went on a journey to the countryside for the weekend." → Replace with:
4. "He loves journey. He visits a new country every year." → Replace with:
5. "How was your journey to Spain? Did you stay long?" → Replace with:

Reading: Four Stories

Read each text carefully, then choose the best answer. Press Check Answers when you are done.
🚂

Text 1: A Long Train Journey

Tom works in Birmingham, but his sister lives in Edinburgh. Last summer, he decided to travel north to visit her. He usually drives, but the car journey takes over five hours. This time, he chose to take the train instead. He booked his ticket online the week before. The train journey took about four hours and fifteen minutes. Tom sat next to a friendly man from France, and they spoke English together because Tom does not speak French. When Tom arrived at Edinburgh station, his sister was waiting on the platform. She took him to her flat in the city centre. Tom was surprised by how different Edinburgh felt. It was hillier and much less polluted than Birmingham. The streets were quieter too. He spent five days exploring the city and visiting the famous castle. On the last day, he bought some local food at a market near the footpath by the river. He did not want to leave.

Questions:

1. Why did Tom choose to take the train this time?

2. What language did Tom and the man from France speak together?

3. How did Edinburgh compare to Birmingham?

4. What did Tom do on his last day?

🌿

Text 2: Moving to the Countryside

Claire used to live in a busy flat in Manchester. Her street was always noisy, and the air in the city centre was very polluted. Every morning, she spent forty-five minutes sitting in traffic jams on her way to work. She was tired and stressed. Two years ago, she decided to make a big change. She found a small stone cottage in a village in Yorkshire. At first, the move was difficult. There was no underground, no big supermarket, and the nearest town was twelve kilometres away. However, Claire quickly fell in love with country life. She woke up every morning to the sound of birds in the meadows. The air was clean and fresh. She bought a bicycle and used it to travel along the footpaths. "I used to think I could never live without the city," she says. "Now I can't imagine going back. It is more peaceful, the wildlife is wonderful, and my neighbours are such friendly people."

Questions:

1. Why did Claire leave Manchester?

2. What was difficult about the move at first?

3. How does Claire feel about country life now?

4. "I used to think I could never live without the city." — What does this tell us?

✈️

Text 3: A Business Trip to Berlin

Sarah works for a technology company in Sofia. Last month, she went on a business trip to Berlin. She had never been to Germany before, so she was very excited. She booked her accommodation online — a nice modern German hotel near the city centre. The flight from Sofia departs at 06:30, and the journey takes about two and a half hours. When she arrived at the airport, she caught a direct train to her hotel. It was such a fast and easy journey. Sarah used to hate travelling for work, but this trip changed her mind. Berlin was so vibrant and exciting. The food was such a pleasant surprise — she had expected it to be boring, but it was delicious. She visited a beautiful old Turkish market near the river, and she bought some lovely Spanish leather shoes from a small shop. On the last day, a German colleague took her on a day trip to Potsdam. "I didn't use to enjoy business trips at all," she told her manager. "But I would come back here tomorrow."

Questions:

1. How long is the flight from Sofia to Berlin?

2. "The food was such a pleasant surprise." — What does this tell us about the food?

3. "I didn't use to enjoy business trips at all." — What does this mean?

4. "She visited a beautiful old Turkish market." — What is the correct adjective order here?

🏡

Text 4: Growing Up in Two Places

My name is Ana, and I grew up in both a city and a village. Until I was twelve, I used to live in a noisy, crowded suburb of Plovdiv. My father used to drive us to school every morning, and it took almost an hour because of the terrible traffic jams. I didn't use to notice how polluted the air was — I simply thought that was normal. Then my parents moved to a small Spanish-style village in the mountains. At first, I hated it. There was no underground, no pavement, and it took me forty minutes to walk to the nearest bus stop. But then I discovered the footpaths, the streams, and the fields full of wildlife. "This is such a peaceful place," I told my mother after my first week. "Why didn't we move here earlier?" I used to catch the underground to school every day. Now I walk along a footpath through the meadows. The journey is longer, but it is such a beautiful start to the day. Both places shaped who I am, and I wouldn't change either of them.

Questions:

1. Why did the morning drive to school take almost an hour?

2. What changed Ana's mind about village life?

3. "This is such a peaceful place." — Why does she use SUCH and not SO?

4. How does Ana feel about having grown up in both places?

Text 1 / 4

Cloze Text: Mark's Weekend Away

Choose the correct word or phrase from each drop-down. This text covers all six grammar points from the lesson.

Mark's Weekend Away

Last Friday, Mark decided to go on a (1) to a (2) village near Lyon. He checked the train times online. The train (3) from London at 08:45 every morning, and (4) about six hours to get there by train and ferry.

Mark (5) not enjoy long journeys, but now he finds them exciting. He (6) travel abroad at all before last year. The (7) by ferry across the Channel was (8) beautiful. He stood on the deck and watched the waves.

When he arrived (9) the station in Lyon, he caught a local bus (10) the village. The bus only cost two euros. It was (11) cheap (12)! "Next time, I am bringing my whole family," he said. "How long does (13) to (14) here from Plovdiv?" he asked his new (15) French neighbours.

Exercises (12 Sets)

Covers all six grammar points: It takes · Timetables · So/Such · Phrasal Verbs · Fixed Phrases · Travel/Trip/Journey. Type your answer and press Check Exercise.

Tense Writing Practice

Five exercises, 10 sentences each — all mixed tenses.
Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense.

Gerund or Infinitive?

Five mixed exercises. The verb before the gap decides the form.
Key verbs with gerund: enjoy · finish · like · love · hate · avoid · mind · stop · practise · keep · suggest · consider
Key verbs with infinitive: want · need · decide · hope · plan · manage · promise · agree · refuse · expect · offer · learn · forget · remember

Key Word Transformation

How it works: You are given a sentence and a key word. Rewrite the sentence so it means the same, using the key word. The beginning of the new sentence is given — you write the rest. Punctuation counts: include a full stop or question mark where needed.
⚠️ Important: Do not change the key word. You may add other words around it, but the key word must appear exactly as given. Check your spelling and punctuation before clicking Check.